2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Accounting. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Full House and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Except when otherwise required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and disclosed herein, the Company measures all of its assets and liabilities on the historical cost basis of accounting.

Use of Estimates. The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. These principles require the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Fair Value and the Fair Value Input Hierarchy. Fair value measurements affect the Company’s accounting for net assets acquired in acquisition transactions and certain financial assets and liabilities. Fair value measurements are also used in its periodic assessments of long-lived tangible and intangible assets for possible impairment, including for property and equipment, goodwill, and other intangible assets. Fair value is defined as the expected price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.

GAAP categorizes the inputs used for fair value into a three-level hierarchy:

Methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of financial instruments are affected by the duration of the instruments and other factors used by market participants to estimate value. The carrying amounts for cash and equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate their estimated fair value because of the short durations of the instruments and inconsequential rates of interest.

Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash. Cash equivalents include cash involved in operations and cash in excess of daily requirements that is invested in highly liquid, short-term investments with initial maturities of three months or less when purchased.

Restricted cash balances consisted of funds placed into a construction reserve account to fund the completion of the Chamonix construction project, in accordance with the Company’s debt covenants. Chamonix began its phased opening in December 2023 and completed its opening in October 2024. Accordingly, there are no restrictions on any cash balances at December 31, 2024.

Accounts Receivable and Credit Risk. Accounts receivable consist primarily of casino, hotel, certain sports wagering contracts that previously paid us in arrears, and other receivables. Accounts receivable are typically non-interest bearing, recorded initially at cost, and are carried net of an appropriate reserve to approximate fair value. Loss reserves are estimated based on specific review of customer accounts including the customers’ willingness and ability to pay and nature of collateral, if any, as well as historical collection experience and current and expected economic and business conditions. Accounts are written off when management deems the account to be uncollectible and recoveries of accounts previously written off are recorded when received.

Accounts receivable consists of the following:

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The following table shows the movement in the provision for credit losses recognized for accounts receivable that occurred during the period:

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At December 31, 2024, estimated loss reserves reflect activity related to two online sports wagering agreements, which remain active in Colorado and Indiana (until their next anniversaries in 2025, as subsequently amended). In July 2024, the Company’s respective subsidiaries in Colorado and Indiana each amended its respective sports wagering agreement, resulting in collections totaling $2.1 million. Specifically, these amendments settled overdue payments owed to the Company, reduced certain future annual amounts due to the Company under the sports wagering agreements, and required such annual fees to be paid in advance of each annual term. Except as set forth in the respective amendments, all other terms of the sports wagering agreements remained in full force and effect in 2024.

Management regularly evaluates the adequacy of the Company’s recorded reserves. At December 31, 2024, we believe that no significant concentrations of credit risk existed for which a reserve had not already been recorded.

Inventories. Inventories consist primarily of food, beverage and retail items, and are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Costs are determined using the first-in, first-out and the weighted average methods.

Property and Equipment. Property and equipment are stated at cost and are capitalized and depreciated, while normal repairs and maintenance are expensed in the period incurred. A significant amount of the Company’s property and equipment was acquired through business combinations, and therefore, were recognized at fair value measured at the acquisition date. Gains or losses on dispositions of property and equipment are included in operating expenses, effectively as adjustments to depreciation estimates.

Certain events or changes in circumstances may indicate that the recoverability of the carrying amount of property, plant and equipment should be assessed, including, among others, a significant decrease in market value, a significant change in the business climate in a particular market, or a current period operating or cash flow loss combined with historical losses or projected future losses. For assets to be held and used, the Company reviews for impairment whenever indicators of impairment exist. When such events or changes in circumstances are present, the Company estimates the future cash flows expected to result from the use of the asset (or asset group) and its eventual disposition. These estimated future cash flows are consistent with those we use in our internal planning. If the undiscounted cash flows exceed the carrying value, no impairment is indicated. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss based on the fair value of the asset, typically measured using a discounted cash flow model.

Depreciation and amortization are computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the term of the lease, whichever is appropriate under the circumstances. The Company determines the estimated useful lives based on our experience with similar assets, estimated usage of the asset, and industry practice. Whenever events or circumstances occur, which change the estimated useful life of an asset, the Company accounts for the change prospectively.

Depreciation and amortization is provided over the following estimated useful lives:

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Capitalized Interest. Interest costs associated with major construction projects are capitalized and included in the cost of the projects. When no debt is incurred specifically for construction projects, interest is capitalized on amounts expended using the weighted average cost of the Company’s outstanding borrowings. Capitalization of interest ceases when the project is substantially complete or construction activity is suspended for more than a brief period.

Leases. The Company determines if a contract is, or contains, a lease at inception or modification of the agreement. A contract is, or contains, a lease if there are identified assets and the right to control the use of an identified asset is conveyed for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control over the use of the identified asset means that the lessee has both the right to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and the right to direct the use of the asset.

For material leases with terms greater than a year, the Company records right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet, as measured on a discounted basis. For finance leases, the Company recognizes interest expense associated with the lease liability, as well as depreciation (or amortization) expense associated with the ROU asset, depending on whether those ROU assets are expected to transfer to the Company upon lease expiration. If ownership of a finance lease ROU asset is expected to transfer to the Company upon lease expiration, then it is included with the Company’s property and equipment; other qualifying finance lease ROU assets, based on other classifying criteria under Accounting Standards Codification 842 (“ASC 842”), are disclosed separately on their own line, “Finance Lease Right-of-Use Assets, Net.” For operating leases, the Company recognizes straight-line rent expense.

The Company does not recognize ROU assets or lease liabilities for leases with a term of 12 months or less. However, costs related to short-term leases with terms greater than one month, which the Company deems material, are disclosed as a component of lease expenses when applicable. Additionally, the Company accounts for new and existing leases containing both lease and non-lease components (“embedded leases”) together as a single lease component by asset class for gaming-related equipment; as a result, the Company will not allocate contract consideration to the separate lease and non-lease components based on their relative standalone prices.

Finance and operating lease ROU assets and liabilities are recognized based on the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected lease term at commencement, plus any qualifying initial direct costs paid prior to commencement for ROU assets. As the implicit rate is not determinable in most of the Company’s leases, management uses the Company’s incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of future payments based on the information available at the commencement date and/or modification date. The expected lease terms include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise such options. Lease expense for minimum lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the expected lease term for operating leases. For finance leases, the ROU asset depreciates/amortizes on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the lease term or useful life of the ROU asset as applicable, and the lease liability accretes interest based on the interest method using the discount rate determined at such lease commencement or modification.

Goodwill and Indefinite-lived Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of Bronco Billy’s, Silver Slipper, and Stockman’s over the estimated fair value of their net tangible and other intangible assets on the acquisition date, net of subsequent impairment charges, if any. The Company’s other indefinite-lived intangible assets primarily include certain license rights to conduct gaming in certain jurisdictions and trade names. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are not amortized, but are periodically tested for impairment. The impairment loss recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value.

Tests of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets start with a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative test. Items that are considered in the qualitative assessment include, but are not limited to, the following: macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and overall financial performance. If the results of the qualitative assessment indicate it is “more likely than not” that a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, or if the Company elects to bypass the qualitative assessment, then a quantitative test is performed.

For indefinite-lived intangible assets, if quantitative tests are performed, the value of the gaming license rights is determined using a multi-period excess earnings method, which is a specific discounted cash flow model.

For goodwill, if quantitative tests are performed, the Company estimates the fair value of the reporting unit utilizing a weighted average allocation of both the income approach (discounted cash flow method) and a market-based approach that utilizes a comparison of the reporting unit to comparable publicly-traded companies and transactions and, based on the observed business enterprise value multiples, ultimately selects market multiples to apply to the reporting unit.

The determination of fair value under the income approach requires the use of significant estimates about expected revenues and operating profit, as well as discount rates to determine the estimated fair value. Changes in the assumptions can materially affect these estimates. Thus, to the extent that gaming volumes deteriorate in the future, discount rates increase significantly, or reporting units do not meet projected performance, the Company could have impairment losses in the future and such amounts could be material. These tests for impairment are performed annually during the fourth quarter or when a triggering event occurs.

Finite-lived Intangible Assets. The Company’s finite-lived intangible assets primarily include land lease acquisition costs and water rights. Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized over the shorter of their contractual or economic lives. The Company periodically evaluates the remaining useful lives of these intangible assets to determine whether events and circumstances warrant a revision to the remaining period of amortization and the possible need for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amounts may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) is less than the carrying amount, then the Company would recognize an impairment loss.

Debt Issuance Costs and Debt Discounts/Premiums. Debt issuance costs and debt discounts/premiums incurred in connection with the issuance of debt have been included as a component of the carrying amount of debt, and are amortized/accreted over the contractual term of the debt to interest expense, using the straight-line method, which approximates the effective interest method. When its existing debt agreements are determined to have been modified, the Company amortizes such costs to interest expense using the effective interest method over the terms of the modified debt agreement.

Revenue Recognition:

Accrued Club Points and Customer Loyalty Programs: Operating Revenues and Related Costs and Expenses. The Company’s revenues consist primarily of casino gaming, food and beverage, hotel, and other revenues (such as sports wagering, golf, RV park operations, and entertainment). The majority of its revenues are derived from casino gaming, principally slot machines.

The transaction price for a casino wager is the difference between gaming wins and losses, not the total amount wagered. As such wagers have similar characteristics, the Company accounts for its gaming transactions on a portfolio basis by recognizing net win per gaming day versus on an individual basis.

The Company sometimes provides discretionary complimentary goods and services (“discretionary comps”). For these types of transactions, the Company allocates revenue to the department providing the complimentary goods or services based upon its estimated standalone selling price, offset by a reduction in casino revenues.

Many of the Company’s customers choose to earn points under its customer loyalty programs. The Company’s properties have separate customer loyalty programs: the Slipper Rewards Club, the Bronco Billy’s / Chamonix Casino’s Mile High Rewards Club, the Rising Star VIP Club, the Grand Lodge Players Advantage Club, the Stockman’s Winner’s Club, and American Place’s Legacy Rewards. As points are accrued, the Company defers a portion of its gaming revenue based on the estimated standalone value of loyalty points being earned by the customer. The standalone value of loyalty points is derived from the retail value of food, beverages, hotel rooms, and other goods or services for which such points may be redeemed. A liability related to these customer loyalty points is recorded, net of estimated breakage and other factors, until the customer redeems these points under such loyalty programs for various benefits, such as “free casino play,” complimentary dining, or hotel stays, among others, depending on each property’s specific offers. Upon redemption, the related revenue is recognized at retail value within the department providing the goods or services. Unredeemed points are forfeited if the customer becomes and remains inactive for a specified period of time. Liabilities based on the standalone retail value of such benefits were approximately $0.9 million at December 31, 2024 and $0.8 million at December 31, 2023, and these amounts are included in “other accrued liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets.

Revenue for food and beverage, hotel, and other revenue transactions, as described in “Other Revenues” below, includes the retail value of (i) discretionary comps and (ii) comps provided in return for redemption of loyalty points. Additionally, the Company may collect deposits in advance for future hotel reservations or entertainment, among other services, which represent obligations of the Company until the service is provided to the customer.

Deferred Revenues: Market Access Fees from Sports Wagering Agreements. The Company entered into several agreements with various unaffiliated companies allowing for online sports wagering within Indiana, Colorado and Illinois, as well as on-site sports wagering at American Place (the “Sports Agreements”). As part of these long-term Sports Agreements, the Company received one-time “market access” fees, which are recorded as long-term liabilities and then recognized as revenue ratably over the initial contract terms (or as accelerated due to early termination), beginning with the earlier of operations commencement or contractual commencement. In the third quarter of 2023, one of the Company’s contracted parties ceased online operations in Indiana and Colorado. Accordingly, this accelerated the revenue recognition of $1.5 million in related market access fees, which was recognized in the third quarter of 2023. Another contracted party ceased online operations in Colorado during the second quarter of 2024, resulting in $0.9 million of accelerated revenue from market access fees.

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Indiana. Under the Company’s one active Sports Agreement in Indiana that commenced in December 2021, we receive a percentage of revenues (as defined), subject to an annualized minimum amount. Additionally, a $1.0 million market access fee, received upon signing of the agreement, is being amortized over the initial 10-year term of the agreement. In July 2024, the agreement was amended to settle overdue payments and to reduce future annual amounts for the remainder of the initial term, which resulted in annualized straight-line revenues of $0.5 million through the remainder of the current term. In January 2025, such operator gave notice that it was discontinuing operations in Indiana prior to its next anniversary in December 2025.

Colorado. Similarly in Colorado, under the Company’s one active Sports Agreement that commenced in June 2020, we receive a percentage of revenues (as defined), subject to an annualized minimum amount. Additionally, a $1.0 million market access fee, received upon signing of the agreement, is being amortized over the initial 10-year term of the agreement. In July 2024, the agreement was amended to settle overdue payments and to reduce future annual amounts for the remainder of the initial term, which resulted in annualized straight-line revenues of $0.5 million through the remainder of the current term. In January 2025, such operator gave notice that it was discontinuing operations in Colorado prior to its next anniversary in June 2025.

Illinois. Under the Company’s Sports Agreement in Illinois, we receive a percentage of revenues (as defined), subject to a minimum of $5.0 million per year. A market access fee of $5.0 million is being amortized over the eight-year term of the Sports Agreement, which began its contractual term in August 2023.

In addition to the market access fees, deferred revenue includes annual prepayments of contracted revenue. With the July 2024 amendment of two Sports Agreements, all of the Company’s active Sports Agreements require the prepayment of contracted revenue.

Deferred revenues consisted of the following as discussed above:

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Other Revenues. The transaction price of rooms, food and beverage, and retail contracts is the net amount collected from the customer for such goods and services. The transaction price for such contracts is recorded as revenue when the good or service is transferred to the customer over their stay at the hotel or when the delivery is made for the food, beverage, retail and other contracts. Sales and usage-based taxes are excluded from revenues.

Revenue by Source. The Company presents earned revenue as disaggregated by the type or nature of the good or service (casino, food and beverage, hotel, and other operations comprised mainly of retail, golf, entertainment, and contracted sports wagering) and by relevant geographic region within Note 12.

Contract and Contract-Related Liabilities. There may be a difference between the timing of cash receipts from the customer and the recognition of revenue, resulting in a contract or contract-related liability. The Company generally has four types of liabilities related to contracts with customers: (1) outstanding chip liability, which represents the amounts owed in exchange for gaming chips held by a customer; (2) players club points, which represents the deferred allocation of revenue relating to loyalty program incentives earned; (3) contracted sports wagering, which represents payments received in advance from contracted parties relating to Sports Agreements to be recognized as revenue ratably over their respective initial contract terms; and (4) progressive jackpots and other, which represents accumulated slot jackpots not yet won, and includes unpaid wagers and advance payments on goods and services yet to be provided such as deposits on rooms and convention space. With the exception of noncurrent portions of deferred revenues from contracted sports wagering, these liabilities are generally expected to be recognized as revenue within one year of being purchased, earned, or deposited and are recorded within “Other accrued liabilities” on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes the activity related to short-term and long-term contract and contract related liabilities:

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Advertising Costs. Costs for advertising are expensed as incurred, or the first time the advertising takes place, and are included in selling, general and administrative expenses. Total advertising costs were $8.4 million and $8.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Project Development and Acquisition Costs. Project development and acquisition costs consist of amounts expended on the pursuit of new business opportunities and acquisitions, as well as other business development activities in the ordinary course of business, which are expensed as incurred.

Preopening costs. Preopening costs are related to the preopening phases of new ventures, in accordance with accounting standards regarding start-up activities, and are expensed as incurred. These costs consist of payroll, advertising, outside services, organizational costs and other expenses directly related to both the Chamonix and American Place developments.

Stock-based Compensation. The Company has various stock-based compensation programs, which provide for equity awards including stock options, time-based restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock. Stock-based compensation costs are measured at the grant date, based on the estimated fair value of the award using the Black-Scholes option pricing model for stock options, and based on the closing share price of the Company’s stock on the grant date for restricted and performance stock. These costs are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the recipient’s requisite service period (the vesting period of the award), net of forfeitures and cancellations, which are recognized as they occur, and are included within selling, general and administrative expense on the consolidated statements of operations.

Estimated compensation costs for performance stock, in particular, reflect meeting certain growth-rate targets for the applicable year-to-date period and may be subject to partial or full reversals in the current or following year if not completely met at year-end.

Income Taxes. We classify deferred tax assets and liabilities, along with any related valuation allowance, as non-current on the consolidated balance sheets. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. Valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets when it is deemed “more likely than not” that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized within a reasonable time period.

Our income tax returns are subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and other tax authorities. Positions taken in tax returns are sometimes subject to uncertainty in the tax laws and may not ultimately be accepted by the IRS or other tax authorities. We assess our tax positions using a two-step process. A tax position is recognized if it meets a “more likely than not” threshold, and is measured at the largest amount of benefit that is greater than 50 percent likely of being realized. Additionally, we recognize accrued interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.

Reclassifications. To conform to the current-period presentation, the Company made certain minor financial statement presentation reclassifications to prior-period amounts. Such reclassifications had no effect on the previously reported results of operations or financial position.

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Earnings (loss) per share. Earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) applicable to common stock by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the additional dilution for all potentially-dilutive securities, including stock options, restricted stock and performance-based shares, using the treasury stock method.

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Accounting Pronouncements:

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting, Topic 280, Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“Update 2023-07”)

In November 2023, the FASB issued Update 2023-07 to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. Update 2023-07 is to be applied retrospectively and is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted Update 2023-07 for the two annual periods ended December 31, 2024. See Note 12 for details.

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes, Topic 740, Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“Update 2023-09”)

In December 2023, the FASB issued Update 2023-09 to improve income tax disclosure requirements, primarily related to rate reconciliations and income taxes paid. Update 2023-09 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of Update 2023-09 to the consolidated financial statements, and plans to adopt Update 2023-09 for its annual period ending December 31, 2025.

ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, Subtopic 220-40, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (“Update 2024-03”)

In November 2024, the FASB issued Update 2024-03, which expands disclosures about specific expense categories presented on the face of the income statement. Update 2024-03 is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of the adoption of Update 2024‑03 to the consolidated financial statements.

A variety of proposed or otherwise potential accounting standards are currently being studied by standard-setting organizations and certain regulatory agencies. Because of the tentative and preliminary nature of such proposed standards, the Company believes that there are no other recently-issued accounting standards not yet effective that are currently likely to have a material impact on its financial statements.